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Đề thi HSG Quốc gia lớp 12 năm 2009 - Khóa ngày 25/2/2009

#1
Hôm nay các thầy cô ở Hà Nội vào canh, may sao không thu lại đề, mỗi người thi phòng tớ đều có 1 cái đề mang về...

Câu 1:
a) Dựa vào nhu cầu õy cần cho sinh trưởng thì động vật nguyên sinh, vi khuẩn uốn ván, nấm men rượu và vi khuẩn giang mai được xếp vào nhóm vi sinh vật nào?
b) Hô hấp hiếu khí, hô hấp kỵ khí và lên men ở các vi sinh vật khác nhau như thế nào về sản phẩm và chất nhận điện tử cuối cùng?

Câu 2:
Nêu những điểm khác nhau cơ bản trong cấu trúc và biểu hiện chức năng của plasmit và phage ôn hòa ở vi khuẩn.

Câu 3:
Người ta dùng một màng nhân tạo chỉ có 1 lớp phopholipid kép để tiến hành thí nghiệm xác định tính thấm của màng này với glixerol và ion<link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CJUSTME%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CJUSTME%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CJUSTME%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:punctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> 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mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> nhằm so sánh với tính thấm của màng sinh chất. Hãy dự đoán kết quả và giải thích.

Câu 4:
Nêu sự khác nhau trong chuỗi truyền điện tử xảy ra trên màng tilacoit của lục lạp và trên màng ty thể. Năng lượng của dòng vận chuyển điện tử được sử dụng như thế nào?

Câu 5:
Thực vật có thể hấp thụ qua hệ rễ từ đất những dạng nitơ nào? Trình bày sơ đồ tóm tắt sự hình thành các dạng nitơ đó qua các quá trình vật lý - hóa học, cố định nitơ khí quyển và phân giải bởi các vi sinh vật đất.

Câu 6:
Ở thực vật, hoạt động của enzyme Rubisco diễn ra như thế nào trong điều kiện đầy đủ
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</sub>
Câu 7:
Cây Thanh long ở miền Nam nước ta thường ra hoa, kết quả từ cuối tháng 3 đến tháng 9 dương lịch. Trong những năm gần đây, vào khoảng đầu tháng 10 đến cuối tháng 1 năm sau, nông dân ở một số địa phương miền Nam áp dụng biện pháp kỹ thuật "thắp đèn" nhằm kích thích cây ra hoa để thu quả trái vụ. Hãy giải thích cơ sở khoa học của việc áp dụng biện pháp trên.

Câu 8:
Ở người, trong chu kỳ tim, khi tâm thất co thì lượng máu ở hai tâm thất tống đi bằng nhau và không bằng nhau trong những trường hợp nào? Giải thích?

Câu 9:
a) Ở người, khi căng thẳng thần kinh thì nhịp tim và nồng độ glucose trong máu thay đổi như thế nào? Giải thích?
b) Ở chuột thí nghiệm bị hỏng chức năng tuyến tụy, mặc dù đã được tiêm hoocmon tuyến tụy với liều phù hợp, nhưng con vật vẫn chết. Dựa vào chức năng tuyến tụy, giải thích vì sao con vật vẫn chết.

Câu 10:
Ở người, khi nồng độ <link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CJUSTME%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CJUSTME%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CJUSTME%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:punctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" 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mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]-->CO<sub>2</sub> trong máu tăng thì huyết áp, nhịp và độ sau hô hấp thay đổi như thế nào? Tại sao?

Câu 11:
a) Giả sử một cây có kiểu gen AaBbDd tự thụ phấn qua nhiều thế hệ, cho biết:
- Hiện tượng di truyền nào xảy ra? Giải thích.
- Viết kiểu gen của các dòng thuần có thể được tạo ra về cả 3 locus trên.
b) Ở một loài thực vật có hai đột biến gen lặn cùng gây ra kiểu hình thân thấp. Bằng phép lai nào có thể nhận biết hai đột biến gen trên có thuộc cùng locus hay không?

Câu 12:
Sử dụng 5-BU để gây đột biến ở Operon Lac của E. coli thu được đột biến ở giữa vùng mã hóa của gen Lac Z. Hãy nêu hậu quả của đột biến này đối với sản phẩm của các gen cấu trúc.

Câu 13:
Trong một quần thể động vật có vú, tính trạng màu lông do một gen quy định, đang ở trạng thái cân bằng di truyền. 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]-->f<sup>B</sup><o:p></o:p>) quy định được tìm thấy ở 40% con đực và 16% con cái. Hãy xác định:
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</sup>
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Câu 14:
Cho giao phấn giữa hai cây cùng loài (P) khác nhau về 2 cặp tính trạng thuần chủng, thu được F1 gồm 100% cây thân cao, quả tròn. Cho giao phấn giữa các cây F1, thu được F2 phân ly theo tỷ lệ 50,16% thân cao, quả tròn : 24,84% thân cao, quả dài : 24,84% thân thấp, quả tròn : 0,16% thân thấp, quả dài. Tiếp tục cho hai cây F2 giao phấn với nhau, thu được F3 phân ly theo tỷ lệ 1 thân cao, quả tròn : 1 thân cao, quả dài : 1 thân thấp, quả tròn : 1 thân thấp, quả dài.
Hãy xác định kiểu gen của P và hai cây F2 được dùng để giao phấn. Biết rằng, mỗi gen quy định một tính trạng, tính trạng trội là trội hoàn toàn.

Câu 15:
[1 câu phả hệ dễ, nhưng post hình lên không được, chịu...]

Câu 16:
Tại sao lặp gen là một cơ chế phổ biến trong quá trình tiến hóa dẫn đến sự hình thành một gen có chức năng mới? Từ một vùng không mã hóa của hệ gen, hãy chỉ ra một cách khác cũng có thể dẫn đến sự hình thành một gen mới.

Câu 17:
a) Theo quan điểm của tiến hóa hiện đại, những nhận định sau về cơ chế tiến hóa là đúng hay sai? Giải thích.
- Trong điều kiện bình thường, chọn lọc tự nhiên luôn đào thải hết một alen lặn gây chết ra khỏi quần thể giao phối.
- Chọn lọc tự nhiên là nhâ tố trực tiếp tạo ra những kiểu gen thích nghi với môi trường.
b) Nêu mối quan hệ giữa đột biến và giao phối trong tiến hóa nhỏ.

Câu 18:
Trong tự nhiên, sự tăng trưởng quần thể phụ thuộc và chịu sự điều chỉnh của những nhân tố sinh thái chủ yếu nào? Nêu ảnh hưởng của những nhân tố đó.

Câu 19:
Tại sao kích thước quần thể động vật khi vượt quá mức tối đa hoặc giảm xuống dưới mức tối thiểu đều bất lợi đối với quần thể đó.

Câu 20:
Giả sử có hai quần thể A và B khác loài sống trong khu vực và có các nhu cầu sống giống nhau, hãy nêu xu hướng biến động số lượng cá thể của hai quần thể sau một thời gian xảy ra cạnh tranh.

Kỳ này làm bài không được tốt lắm... Chắc mong giải KK rồi...
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lausay

Member
hôm nay mình cũng vừa thi xong, nhưng chỗ mình bắt thu lại đề
đề dài thật
mải nghĩ mấy bài tính toán nên ko làm hết đc:sad:
bạn Đạt cần viết thêm thời gian làm bài 180 phút (1điểm/1 câu)


[/IMG]
 

winny

Member
oa oa mọi người ơi mình làm bài chán quá!chẳng có hi vọng đc nổi giải 3!thế mà lúc đầu phấn khởi bảo mình ôn chắc lắm rồi huhu bít làm sao giờ! ước jì có cái lỗ nẻ để mình chui xuống cho dỡ ngượng huhu:cry::cry::cry: bao giờ mới có kết quả đây??????
mọi người ai chộp dc cái đáp án thì post lên cho mọi người cùng coi nhá!!!
 
Bạn Đạt nhanh tay quá, mình đang định pót lên. Vừa đi học về, nghe bọn đội thi xong ra ngoài phòng, cô nói mà mình khóc thương tụi nó quá. Mặt đứa nào làm xong 20 câu cũng cắt không còn giọt máu:cry:
 

MrHanU

Member
<HR style="COLOR: #d1d1e1; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #d1d1e1" SIZE=1> <!-- / icon and title --><!-- message -->
hoho.doi e cung nthe.vua bit dap an may cau.cho len cho may anh chi thac mac cung xem,chang lam sao go TV dc:
CAU 9B: Tuyen Tuy ngoai chuc nang tiet hoocmon con co chuc nang quan trong la tiet dich tieu hoa,do vay chi tiem hoocmon vao nhung tuy khong co kha ngang tiet dich tieu hoc nen khong co kha nang tieu hoa thuc an.do do,chuot van bi chet
CAU 11B:Lai 2 the dot bien voi nhau
CAU 18: Tang truong quan the phu thuoc vao: Nguon song va Tiem nang sinh hoc
Chiu anh huong cua: Mat do va ti le sinh tu nhap xuat
CAU 20: Tuy theo muc thang tien hoa, loai nao cao hon thi se co loi hon
 

bianh92

Member
Bạn có đáp án rồi à............. Đưa lên cho mọi người cùng kham khảo đi......
 

MrHanU

Member
HuHu.con kai c 13i.e sai roi moi nguoi ak.ma e lam cung chan.len day thay moi nguoi cung keu the nay lai cang chan.huhu.the nam naykhong ai dinh di Nhat ak.................vs ka cu nghi tren NST thuong chu,tinh ngon o binh thuong,hoa ra la tren GT,ka doi co moi 1 dua lamdung,......
 

toikute

New member
theo tui thi 9b chuot van chet la do ngoai chuc nang tiet hai hoocmon la insulin va glucagon thi tuy con tiet ra mot chat la "lipocain". lipocain co chuc nang chuyen hoa lipit trong mau vi vay neu tuy mat chuc nang tiet lipocain se lam gan nhiem mo nen chuot van chet.:hum:
 

MrHanU

Member
theo tui thi 11b chuot van chet la do ngoai chuc nang tiet hai hoocmon la insulin va glucagon thi tuy con tiet ra mot chat la "lipocain". lipocain co chuc nang chuyen hoa lipit trong mau vi vay neu tuy mat chuc nang tiet lipocain se lam gan nhiem mo nen chuot van chet.:hum:
uiui.neu the thi cu the qua
....tumlaila cu khong tieu hoa dc la chet oy----((Nguyen van cua thay LDT)))))))))hoho
 
mình thắc mắc câu 18, theo mình thì nhân tố sinh thái phải là môi trường vô sinh và hữu sinh chứ !?
còn câu 8 cũng bó tay luôn rồi! bạn có đáp án không?
rùi câu:" từ một vùng không mã hóa thành gien mới" bằng cách nào nhỉ?
công nhận cái đề dài thật, chép không cái đề cũng hơn cặp giấy thi :mygod:, thui thì cố gắng thi đại học vậy, kết quả thi lần này cho qua không muốn bàn :)!
 

MrHanU

Member
CAu 18 co lien quan gi den nhan to sinh thai khong ban......? Su tang truong quan the ma'''? Con cau8 dap an the nay:* Ngay trongdieu kien hoat dong khong binh thuong cua tim,2 tam that da co bop1 luong mau bang nhau roi
* hai tam that cobopkhong bang nhau trong truonghop benh li:nghia lasuy tim,1 trong 2 van tim bi ho hoac bi hep,van ban nguyet hoat dong khong binh thuong''''',co tim yeu....hhien tuong co bop khong deu cua 2 ben tam that nay co the dan den benh phu phoi/.....
con cau 16b, chi can tra loi la DOT BIEN ge,bien vung khong ma hoa hoat dong(t kung k lamdc cau nay...n c nay dapan chung chung qua nhi,n ma day la dapan chinh xac day. 0.5d..mat khong.
 

MrHanU

Member
hoho.CAu oi cau 18 chak chan DAp an la:
+Phutuoc vao yeu to: Nguon song va Tiem nang sinh hoc
+Chiu su dieu chinh cua: Mat do Quan The, va Yeu to Sinh,tu, xuat,nhap.(cau nay la thay MST ra,dapan la nhu the""""")
C13: troi oi.minh lam nham cau nay.xet 2 truong hop lien.dap an chi nam tren NST gt thui.vi quan the can bang di truyen....hoho.dap an c1 la 0.4 b,0.24, c.0
C20.thi Y kien cua to trong topic:CAu 20 de thi quoc gia ay,cac ban vao cho minh y kien di..........
 
[Con cau8 dap an the nay:* Ngay trongdieu kien hoat dong khong binh thuong cua tim,2 tam that da co bop1 luong mau bang nhau roi
* hai tam that cobopkhong bang nhau trong truonghop benh li:nghia lasuy tim,1 trong 2 van tim bi ho hoac bi hep,van ban nguyet hoat dong khong binh thuong''''',co tim yeu....hhien tuong co bop khong deu cua 2 ben tam that nay co the dan den benh phu phoi/.....

Theo mình thì ngay trong đk hoạt động bình thường hai tâm thất co bóp lượng máu bằng nhau chứ nhỉ!
 

lausay

Member
* hai tam that cobopkhong bang nhau trong truonghop benh li:nghia lasuy

Theo mình thì ngay trong đk hoạt động bình thường hai tâm thất co bóp lượng máu bằng nhau chứ nhỉ![/quote]

nếu câu trả lời đúng như bạn mrhanu đã viết thì chắc mình làm đúng 70% câu này, còn chắc bạn ấy đánh thừa chữ khong thôi
-- câu 18: như mình đã học thì nó phụ thuộc vào 2 nhân tố sinh thái;
*nt vô sinh (ko phụ thuộc vào mật độ): ................
*nt hữu sinh (phụ thuộc vào mật độ): quan hệ vật ăn thịt con mồi, kí sinh vật chủ......................
câu này hỏi về nhân tố sinh thái, vậy mức sinh sản, xuất nhập của của chính quần thể đó có phải nhân tố st hay ko?
--câu 20: bạn MrHanU đã đưa ra ý kiến mình, cho là cũng hợp lý về đề thi 3 năm trước, khi hỏi về:
Cao' va thỏ song' cung` trong 1 khu vuc, ngta bat Cao' ra va cho cừu vao`.Hoi so' luong thỏ thay doi nhu the nao,,,,,,,Thi dap' an' la dau tien la tăng, sau đó giảm do canh tranh cung` loai` va canh tranh voi' Cừu,cuoi cung la ổn định......nguyên nhân nao` gây ổn đinh??? nếu do cừu va thỏ khong che sinh hoc nhau thi c20 trong de thi quoc gia nam nay phai nhu the na0...?????
còn như mình trả lời là: 1 quần thể tăng, 1 qt giảm hoặc bị tuyệt diệt
qt tăng:-có tiềm năng sống lớn hơn -có vị trí cao hơn trong bậc thang tiến hoá -có số lượng ban đầu lớn hơn - và tồn tại trước (có trước) ở khu vực sống đó
 
đề năm nay có vẻ dài và khó hơn thật.Nhưng mà mấy đứa học chương trình mới hết rồi nên phải thế cũng đúng

Chị chẳng bít đáp án thế nào nhưng mấy đứa làm được thế chắc cũng sẽ đậu hết thui :mrgreen:
 

MrHanU

Member
cau 8 la hoan toan dung the day,cau day minhn viet dai lam,nhungmay cung du y nhu vay,dapan nay t hoi thay LDT roi,hinh nhu thay ra cau nay, con cau 18 dap an cung nhu vay day,dayla dap an cua thay MST,moi ng khong tin thi hoi thay ma xem........
 

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